Diabetes and Gum DiseaseDiabetes and gum disease are a set of inter-related diseases. Both are chronic conditions that effect and are affected by the immune system and diet. This discussion is about the relationship between diabetes and gum disease, and will mainly deal with type 2 diabetes. Definitions: Type 1 diabetes-- used to be called juvenile diabetes. Onset is usually during childhood or adolescence and is often more severe. The patient does not produce any insulin, so the glucose in the body is not available to the cells and it builds up in the bloodstream. Our bodies use glucose as the main source of energy. Type one diabetics require insulin for treatment. Type 2 diabetes-- used to be called adult onset diabetes, but now frequently occurs in children. Insulin production cannot keep up with increased blood sugar levels, so glucose builds up in the bloodstream. Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, hypertension, retinal problems and other conditions throughout the body. Gum disease--blanket term which includes gingivitis and periodontitis. If there is uncontrolled or undiagnosed diabetes, the gums will be red and swollen. There may be loose teeth and pus present. Often, the dentist is the first to recognize the signs of diabetes and will make a referral to your physician. When the gum diseases are brought under control, there is often a reduced need for insulin and the diabetes becomes more manageable. Also, when the diabetes in under better control, the gums will appear healthier. It is this close interaction between diabetes and gum disease that serves as an early warning signal. Our bodies are complex in the way foods are processed and energy is derived from nutrients. The mouth is the first part of the digestive system. It is the entry point for food, the saliva has enzymes that begin the digestive process and lubricate the food for swallowing. The teeth break foods into manageable sizes to begin this process. The mouth is also an entry point for bacteria and other organisms into the body and also an environment that is favorable for their growth. The immune system is active in the gums as a first line of defense against invading microorganisms. When the balance between bacteria and the immune system is upset, the bacteria grow unchecked and gum diseases begin to take hold. People with diabetes are more prone to gum diseases for several reasons. Their immune systems may not be functioning at an effective level, the high glucose levels provide nutrients for bacteria, and the diet may also be high in sugars that promote bacterial growth. Type 2 diabetes is a somewhat predictable disease and there are steps you can take to prevent it. There is a condition known as pre-diabetes in which the blood sugar is higher than normal, but is not yet at a point where diabetes is diagnosed. Risk factors for diabetes:
Is diabetes and gum disease in your future?The good news is that it may not be too late to prevent diabetes regardless of your age. It seems that eating healthier foods and exercising more may be all it takes. These lifestyle changes can have a huge impact on your health. If you eliminate sugary snacks and drinks and start on a walking program, you will be most of the way there. Go to your physician for an evaluation first, have your blood sugar and cholesterol checked, asked what type of exercise will be safe for you to start with and you are on your way! Have your teeth and gums checked too. If there is inflammation, have it treated and take measures to control it. Most adults, especially those with, or at risk for diabetes, require more frequent maintenance cleanings. Your dentist or hygienist can determine how often you should have your teeth cleaned and what treatment may be necessary to maintain gum health.
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